Cellulose is an abundant polymer in biomass, and is a candidate substrate for production of renewable fuels. The primary roadblock to the widespread use of cellulosic biofuels is the recalcitrance of cellulose to enzymatic cleavage into simple sugar substrates for fermentation. The crystalline structure of the cellulose fibril, with numerous hydrogen bonds between chains of polymer, must be disrupted for processing of biomass into monomeric sugars and other end products. We are using ionic liquids (IL) to disrupt the cellulose crystalline matrix to produce an amorphous substrate for enzymatic processing. With diffraction studies we can follow the dissolution of the cellulose fiber when treated with the IL, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate (EMIMOAc), and can track how the fiber reconstitutes after washing with water or ethanol. Ramie has been used as the cellulose I source, the native structure found in biomass, and in the mercerized form, cellulose II. In our studies, these substrates lose crystallinity after treatment with EMIMOAc, even at temperatures approaching room temperature. We find that ramie reconstitutes as cellulose Iβ after washing the treated fiber with water or ETOH. Raman spectroscopy has also been used to support and interpret the fiber diffraction studies.