Two-stage acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugar production

In recently years, enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass became known as common method for obtain fermentable sugar. If the amount of enzyme to used saccharification process were decline or use not, saccharification process could have many advantage in economically. This study conducted saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by using high concentration sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) without enzyme. But using high concentration acid to obtain fermentable sugar, the sugar is accelerated to be degraded to HMF, furfural, etc. To minimized denature of the fermentable sugar, acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass conducted on separately two stage. First stage was used high concentration acid (72% sulfuric acid) at momentarily time(approximately 10 min) and 80 °C temperature. And the secondary stage was used dilute acid(less than 30%) for a long time (60 min) and at a high temperature(121°C) then first stage. Palm residues (Empty fruit bunches), Pinus rigida and palm fronds were used as the substrates of acid hydrolysis. To confirm the effect of the temperature and reaction time, each liquor through process is analyzed on the basis of mass balance.