Effects of pretreatment technologies, enzyme formulations, enzyme loadings and biomass type on sugar yields and costs for coupling of leading pretreatments with enzymatic hydrolysis
Charles Wyman, Center for Environmental Research and Technology Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Bourns College of Engineer, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, Bruce Dale, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, Richard Elander, National Bioenergy Center, NREL, Golden, CO, Mark T. Holtzapple, Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, Michael Ladisch, LORRE/Ag. and Bio. Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, Y. Y. Lee, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, Ryan Warner, Genencor, A Danisco Division, Palo Alto, CA and Bonnie Hames, Ceres, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA

Comparison of cell wall structure, recalcitrance and saccharification of corn stover pretreated by ammonia fiber expansion and ionic liquid
Chenlin Li¹, Lan Sun¹, Gang Cheng¹, Michael Kent¹, Venkatesh Balan², Bruce Dale², Blake Simmons¹ and Seema Singh¹, (1)Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, (2)Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

Xylose production and degradation during acid pretreatment of biomass
Mark R. Nimlos¹, Heidi M. Pilath¹, Xianghong Qian², Michael E. Himmel³ and David K. Johnson³, (1)National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, (2)Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, (3)Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

Coffee Break Sponsored by Energy Biosciences Institute

A Perspective on Pretreatment Chemistry: What We Know and Need to Know
Arthur J. Ragauskas¹, Yunqiao Pu¹, Seokwon Jung¹, Marcus Foston¹, Poulomi Sannigrahi¹, Angela Ziebell², Mark Davis¹, Fang Chen³, Richard A. Dixon³, Brian H. Davison⁴, Michael H. Studer⁵ and Charles E. Wyman⁵, (1)School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, (2)Georgia Institute of Technology/National Renewable Energy Laboratory, (3)Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, (4)Biosciences Division and BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, (5)Center for Environmental Research and Technology and Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA

Pretreatment with alkali and oxygen to produce highly hydrolysable cellulose
Matti Siika-aho¹, Anne Kallioinen¹, Maija Hakola², Tarja Tamminen¹, Anikó Várnai³, Timo Repo², Niklas von Weymarn¹, Liisa Viikari³ and Markku Leskelä², (1)Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, (2)Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, (3)Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Pretreatment and fermentation at high dry matter concentrations
Johan W. van Groenestijn and Arno H. van de Kant, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands

Biological pretreatment of softwood biomass for biofuel production using brown rot fungi.
Richard Murphy¹, Michael J. Ray¹, David J. Leak¹, Pietro D. Spanu¹, Nilay Shah¹, Mark A. Wyatt² and Nick M. Brooks², (1)Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, (2)Imperial College London, Mycologix Ltd., London, United Kingdom