Solving the biomass recalcitrance challenge: Impacts go beyond 2012
Michael E. Himmel, William S. Adney, Shi-you Ding, Michael F. Crowley and David K. Johnson, Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

What are the key substrate factors which limit the hydrolysis of biomass by cellulases?
Richard P. Chandra, Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada and Jack N. Saddler, Forest Products Biotechnology Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The significance of supramolecular structures of cellulose for the enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls
Lisbeth Thygesen¹, Budi Juliman Hidayat¹, Katja Salomon Johansen² and Claus Felby¹, (1)Danish Center for Forest and Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, (2)Novozymes A/S, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark

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Effect of lignin chemical structure on inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose
Hao Liu, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China Univeristy of Technology, Guangzhou and J. Y. Zhu, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI

Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: Monolignol substitute impacts on lignin formation and cell wall utilization
John H. Grabber, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI, John Ralph, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI and Xuejun Pan, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Cellulose hydrolysis kinetics is closely related to its crystalline structure
Shishir Chundawat¹, Albert Cheh², Leonardo Sousa¹, Nirmal Uppugundla¹, Dahai Gao¹, Paul Langan³, S. Gnanakaran⁴, Giovanni Bellesia⁴, Umesh Agarwal⁵, Chris Bianchetti⁶, George Phillips Jr.⁶, Venkatesh Balan¹ and Bruce Dale¹, (1)Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, (2)Environmental Science and Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, (3)Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, (4)Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, (5)USDA-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, (6)Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI