The inevitable decrease of the world’s energy supply due to depletion of nonrenewable petroleum based fuels has necessitated the demand for alternative sources of energy. Production of ethanol as a renewable fuel from lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant renewable material on the earth, seems to be a promising alternative source of energy.  However, the lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant, which necessitates a proper pretreatment technique to make the biomass amenable for enzymatic hydrolysis. Most of the current pretreatment methods do not effectively disrupt the biomass structure, especially the crystallinity of cellulose, which is a major barrier for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. Besides that some pretreatment processes conducted at high temperatures and pressures results in the formation of sugar degradation products which are strong fermentation inhibitors like HMF, furfural, and this result in poor yields of fuel ethanol.  The present study is intended to address these challenges by developing a novel ionic liquid pretreatment technique with the specific objectives of disrupting the biomass structure and providing a biomass substrate that can be easily hydrolyzed and fermented to ethanol without the formation of inhibitors. The effectiveness of the ionic liquid pretreatment processes will be investigated from the study of various lignocellulosic biomass feed stocks .