Steven C. Fransen, Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350 and Harold P. Collins, USDA-ARS, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
Various switchgrass (Panicum
virgatum) cultivars have been grown under research conditions for biofuel
in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) since 2002. We have successfully grown the full
maturity range of switchgrass varieties, ranging from Dacotah to Alamo
in the warm, irrigated region of the PNW. To date, only one planting of SWG has
died from winterkill, this being seeded in early August and not advancing into
dormancy in the fall that is typical with early June plantings. Additional
research in the PNW is needed to identify other planting windows without stand
loss due to winterkill. Dacotah and Nebraska
28, the earliest maturity cultivars easily produce 2 fully headed, nearly
anthesis stage biomass crops per season. Intermediate varieties such as
Trailblazer, Forestburg, Cave-in-Rock, Blackwell and Shawnee
will produce 2 excellent biomass harvests with one taken near anthesis and the
other harvest slightly less mature. The lowland varieties, Kanlow and Alamo
respond very differently in our conditions. Kanlow will provide 2 excellent
harvests per season but neither will reach full heading. Alamo
often provides only a single good cutting per season and is the last variety to
transition into fall dormancy in mid-October. Early maturing upland
switchgrasses transitioned into fall dormancy in late September. Intermediate
upland varieties transition about 2 weeks later than early varieties with the
late, lowland varieties transitioning into fall dormancy last. Biomass yields
and quality will be compared among a full range of switchgrass variety
maturities grown in the PNW.