Sunday, May 4, 2008
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Bioremediation of marine sandy sediments impacted by petroleum

Francisca Pessôa De França, Biochemistry Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Aike Costa Silva, Engenharia Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aim of this work was to optimize a sand sediment through bioestimulation in the mid-tide zone in the Guanabara Bay- Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, contaminated with petroleum at 14g·Kg-1 sediment concentration. The optimization was performed using a complete 22 factorial experimental design using these factors: (1) addiction of a commercial biosurfactant JENEIL® IBR425; (2) addiction mineral NPK fertilizer. The response variable used was gravimetric losses of the heavy oil fraction and the statistical analysis of the main factors and their interactions was executed using response surface curves in mode 3D, contour curves, Pareto diagram and ANOVA Table. The screening process indicated that the addition of fertilizer at 100:25:25 C:N:P ratio and the biosurfactant at 2g·Kg-1 sediment concentration result in good levels of biodegradation. Some monitorated experiments were carried out yielding in 65,5% of gravimetric losses of heavy oil fraction and 100% of n- alkanes between C15 e C30 during 60 process days. At the same time a natural attenuation test was carried out yielding in 85% and 100% of biodegradation of these n- alkanes between C15 e C30. After 60 days, the sediment from the bioestimulation and natural attenuation were conducted to ecotoxicological essays using Tiburonella viscana. In both experiments the essays were positive indicating that the biodegradation of heavy oil fraction wasn’t total, producing organic compounds different than CO2 and H2O. From the autochthon culture present in the sediment and responsible for bioremediation were isolated the bacteria Shewanella putrefaciens and a yeast Candida sp.

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