Scenarios have been analyzed to examine the rationale behind an integrated biochemical and thermochemical biorefinery producing ethanol and higher alcohols as by-products.  The analysis focused on a thermochemical alcohol synthesis process at the back end of a biochemical process making ethanol. The analysis assumed technology levels that are part of the Office of Biomass Program's research plan and is consistent with the "30 by 30" analysis. The time frames focused on meeting cost goals by 2012 and volumetric goals by 2030.