Antibiotics in the widest sense of the term have usually been found from terrestrial sources via fermentation, but the search using microbes has dwindled due to “finding the same old, same old compounds”. However, with the discovery that microbes have significant numbers of “cryptic secondary metabolite clusters,” has come the realization that control of these clusters may well produce molecules that have not been reported from microbes, be they well studied or not even known previously. This symposium will help to show how modification of assays and fermentation conditions coupled to a knowledge of genomics may well be the “new frontier” in discovery, utilizing sources old and new.

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