Chirality is a key factor in the efficacy of many drug products and thus the production of single enantiomers of intermediates has become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry. Single enantiomers can be produced by chemical or chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The advantages of biocatalysis over chemical synthesis are that enzyme-catalyzed reactions are often highly enantioselective, regioselective and can be carried under mild conditions. In this presentation, microbial/enzymatic processes will be described for the preparation of chiral intermediates for development of pharmaceuticals.