In many microbial bioreactors, high shear rates result in strong attachment of microbes and dense biofilms. In this study, high shear rates were applied to enrich an anodophilic microbial consortium in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Enrichment at a shear rate of about 120 s^-1 resulted in the production of a current and power output 2-3 times higher than those in the case of low shear rates (around 0.3 s^-1). Biomass and biofilm analyses showed that the anodic biofilm from the MFC enriched under high shear rate conditions, in comparison with that under low shear rate conditions, had a doubled average thickness and the biomass density increased with a factor 5. More nanometer-sized pilus-like structures were observed on the surface of the anodic electrode of the MFC enriched under high shear rate conditions. The results showed that enrichment by applying high shear rates in a MFC can result in an electrochemically active biofilm that is thicker and denser and attaches better, possibly by producing more electroactive nanowires, and hence has a better performance.