J & J has taken a risk-based approach to formula analysis and preservation using a Process Excellence model.  We realize that many excipients have either direct antimicrobial properties or have some synergy with other components.  We are working to understand both the complexity and the basic science behind preservation.  We have not identified one preservative as preferred.  We are continuing to explore new possibilities to address consumer concerns [real or perceived] through scientifically–based research. The research is based on known principles and looking at many factors in the formula such as water activity, pH, type of emulsion (water in oil or oil in water or silicone) if the product is an emulsion, type of surfactant (cationic, anionic or nonionic) if the product is surfactant based, and any activity of actives. Additionally, since we are worldwide, we look globally for preservative options, remaining mindful of regional issues.