Though not a new idea, use of bioethanol as a platform for production of chemicals or other fuels is re-emerging as a significant strategy among chemical and energy industry players, often allied with the owners of the carbohydrate feedstocks/bioethanol production.  Several projects are underway and others are being studied to convert Brazilian sugarcane ethanol to ethylene for polymers production.  Others are proposed for India and elsewhere in Asia.  These will use one or another version of long-commercialized, simple catalytic dehydration technology.  Others are considering routes to condense ethanol to n-butanol and higher alcohols, or for direct fermentation of cane sugars to other hydrocarbon monomers and fuels, leveraging bioethanol know-how and facilities.  This paper will identify and analyze the technologies and economics of these broad cases and the players comprising these developments.